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Adult. --- Behaviour. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Mice. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Social interaction. --- Social interactions. --- Social-interaction. --- Social.

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Enriched. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Rat. --- Rats. --- Social interaction. --- Social interactions. --- Social-interaction. --- Social.

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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

Civil engineering, surveying & building --- human-human interaction --- human robot interaction (HRI) --- machine learning --- computational approaches --- social interactions

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The cost of vocal behaviour is usually expressed in energetic terms; however, many animals may pay additional costs when predators or potential prey eavesdrop on their vocal communication. The northeastern Pacific is home to two distinct ecotypes of killer whales, Orcinus orca, called residents and transients. Resident killer whales feed on fish, a prey with poor hearing abilities, whereas transient killer whales hunt marine mammals, which have sensitive underwater hearing within the frequency range of killer whale vocal communication. In this study, we investigated how the superior hearing ability of mammalian prey has shaped the vocal behaviour of the transient killer whale ecotype. We recorded pulsed calls and the associated behavioural context of groups of transient and resident killer whales in British Columbia and southeastern Alaska. Transient killer whales produced pulsed calls significantly less frequently than residents. Transient killer whales only showed significant amounts of vocal behaviour after a marine mammal kill or when the whales were displaying surface-active behaviour. Vocal activity of transients increased after a successful attack on a marine mammal. Since marine mammals are able to detect killer whale pulsed calls and respond with antipredator behaviour, the reduced vocal activity of transients is probably due to a greater cost for calling in this ecotype resulting from eavesdropping by potential prey. The increase in vocal behaviour after a successful attack may represent food calling (informing other animals in the area about the presence of food), but is more likely to reflect an increase in social interactions during feeding and/or the fact that the cost for vocal behaviour is comparatively low after a successful attack

Ability. --- Activity. --- Animal. --- Animals. --- Area. --- Behaviour. --- Communication. --- Cost. --- Costs. --- Feeding. --- Fish. --- Food. --- Frequency. --- Group. --- Hearing. --- Increase. --- Interaction. --- Interactions. --- Mammals. --- Predator. --- Prey. --- Social interaction. --- Social interactions. --- Social-interaction. --- Social.

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Wie kooperieren Eltern miteinander, welchen Wert messen sie ihrer Interaktion bei und wie hängt der Grad der Kooperation mit dem sozialen Status und zusammen? Die Studie nimmt die sozialen Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Gruppen chinesischer Eltern an einer chinesischen Mandarin-Sprachschule in einer Großstadt in Deutschland unter die Lupe. Mit Hilfe eines ethnographischen Ansatzes wird ein lebendiges Bild der elterlichen sozialen Interaktionen innerhalb und außerhalb des chinesischen Schulumfelds gezeichnet. Die Studie zeigt die Bedeutung sozialer Interaktionen auf und erörtert sie im Zusammenhang mit dem sozioökonomischen Hintergrund ihrer Migrationsverläufe; How do parents cooperate with each other, what value do they attach to their interaction and how is the degree of cooperation related to social status? The study takes a close look at the social relationships among various groups of Chinese parents at a Chinese Mandarin language school in a metropolitan city in Germany. Taking an ethnographic approach, it captures a vivid picture of the parental social interactions in and outside the Chinese school setting. The study reveals the significance of social interactions, discussing it in relation to the parents’ socioeconomic backgrounds and individual migrant trajectories.

Migration, immigration & emigration --- belonging --- Bildungschancen --- China --- complementary school --- Deutschland --- educational chance --- Eltern --- Ergänzungsschule --- Germany --- migration --- parental social relations and social interactions --- parents --- social capital --- social interactions --- social relations --- soziale Beziehungen und soziale Interaktionen von Eltern --- soziale Beziehungen --- soziale Interaktion --- Sozialkapital --- Zugehörigkeit